Organizer: Jang Won SON (The Catholic University of Korea, Korea)
For several decades, many pathogenesis and clinical findings have been suggesting the links between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. However, the exact mechanism of metabolic dysfunction in liver responsible for the progression of metabolic disorders is yet to be characterized. In this session, three outstanding speakers will cover the repertoire of a new insight about the interconnection between NAFLD and metabolic disorders. In the first topic, Prof. Marja-Riitta TASKINEN from University of Helsinki, Finland will share her updated findings demonstrating the critical role of NAFLD in in the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Next, Prof. Soo LIM from Seoul National University, Korea will discuss the recently proposed concept on Metabolic Dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD. Finally, Prof. Ming-Hua ZHENG from Wenzhou Medical University, China will talk the importance of lifestyle interventions for non-obese patients at the risk of NAFLD. We believe that this session will broaden our understanding about the significance of NAFLD in metabolic disorders in diabetes at clinical levels.

Organizer: Serkin PARK (Department of Basic Science-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University, Korea)
The theme of this symposium of basic research in bone mineral is ‘Latest Updates on Bone Metabolism’, and we are going to review the latest updates by looking into the interaction of core component cells of bone, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and synthesizing recent research results. The first lecture is ‘Key Players of Bone Metabolism’, and I prepared the lecture as a symposium organizer. In this lecture, we can expect to hear the interaction and control mechanisms of key cells and molecules involved in bone mineral metabolism. In the second lecture, Prof. Michelle M. MCDONALD of Garvan Institute, Australia will deal with the mechanism of osteoclast recycle by osteomorphs cells. She discovered that osteoclasts are divided into several daughter cells and then fused again, and named these daughter cells as osteomorph, which was recently published in CELL and attracted attentions. In the third lecture, Prof. Megan M. WEIVODA of the Mayo Clinic, USA will introduce the mechanisms how cells, which make up bones, involves in energy metabolism. This is a thesis that identifies the role of osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors in energy metabolism, and she is affiliated to the renowned Sundeep Kohsla Group, and leads related research. These two overseas invited speakers are young researchers who are attracting attention in the field of bone mineral, and it is expected that through this symposium, they will be able to share the latest data that can broaden the prospect of bone mineral research to domestic endocrinologists.

Organizer: Yun Mi JANG (MSD, Korea)
The latest trend of diabetes treatment is patient-centered, personalized hypoglycemic strategy. However, due to various pathophysiology, duration, age, gender, comorbidity, and risk of cardiovascular disease vary from patient to patient, as well as response to treatment and prognosis for complications. Managing Diabetes well is a complicated thing. We prepared a session that simply summarizes drug options for each major patient group and comorbidity through the latest data so that diabetic patients can be controlled their blood sugar effectively with confidence in their treatment. The latest ADA guidelines, diabetes characteristics and effective drugs for Asian and Korean patients, and DPP4+SGLT2I combination therapy will be covered.

Organizer: Beom-Jun KIM (University of Ulsan, Korea)
Monoclonal antibody drugs based on disease mechanisms are actively used for the treatment of various diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, etc. In the treatment of osteoporosis, RANKL-a key factor of bone metabolism-targeted agent, Denosumab, and sclerostin-targeted treatment, Romosozumab, have been developed, and opened the era of customized treatment based on monoclonal antibodies. Denosumab, an anti-resorptive agent, is recommended as the first treatment for high-risk fracture groups by all guidelines. Lomosozumab, which has both the anti-resorptive effect and the anabolic effect, is recommended as a first-line drug for very-high-risk fracture groups such as the patients with multiple fractures, fractures within the last 12 months, fractures during drug treatment, very low bone density, etc. Therefore, denosumab and lomosozumab are surely the leaders in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, these two agents have advantages in maintaining the health of the musculoskeletal system in various clinical situations in addition to the general treatment of osteoporosis. In the first lecture, Prof. A Ram HONG of Chonnam National University, Korea, will deliver practical contents which can be directly applied in clinical practice, with the role of denosumab in bone loss accompanied by hormone suppression therapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. In the second lecture, Prof. David KENDLER, who is experienced in osteoporosis management in patients with impaired renal function, who inevitably have weak bone strength but are not easy to be treated properly, will give the lecture. Finally, Prof. Serge FERRARI will present a new perspective on the muscle-bone interactive relationship by showing that muscle strength and insulin resistance can be improved through inhibition of RANKL, a key factor in bone metabolism. Especially, Prof. KENDLER and Prof. FERRARI are world-renowned scholars in the field of bone metabolism and will give additional lectures in the Meet the Professor sessions. This session is expected to help us understand that denosumab and lomosozumab are monoclonal antibody drugs that maintain musculoskeletal health in various situations beyond simple osteoporosis treatments.

Organizer: Jung Hee KIM (Seoul National University, Korea)
Recently, research on primary aldosteronism (PA) has been extensively conducted not only for basic research that helps to understand pathophysiology but also for clinical research that brings a better prognosis to patients. This session will be lectured by two world-class masters of PA. First, Prof. Hironobo SASANO from Japan will give a lecture regarding the recent genotype-based cellular morphology of PA based on the relationship between histopathology and somatic mutations. Prof. William RAINEY from USA will show that Gq signaling is sufficient for adrenocortical aldosterone production through adrenal-wide Gq-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), which triggered disorganization of adrenal functional zonation with induction of Cyp11b2 in glucocorticoid-producing zona fasciculata cells. As a young Korean speaker, Prof. Kyoung Jin KIM will talk about what we should monitor in patients with PA after surgical or medical treatment.

Organizer: Sun Wook CHO (Seoul National University, Korea)
Environmental exposure is an essential factor for understanding thyroid disease. In this session, we will discuss the environmental effects on various stage of pathophysiology of thyroid disorders.
The first topic will be presented by Prof. Hyeong-Moo SHIN (Baylor University, USA), under the title “Endocrine Disruptors and Thyroid Dysfunction in Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder”, focusing on health effects of environmental pollutants, especially on thyroid dysfunction and Autism Spectrum Disorder as a consequence.
The second topic will be presented by professor Yoon Ju Song (Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea), under the title “Iodine Nutrition and Thyroid Function in Korea”, focusing on the effects of excessive intake of iodine on thyroid dysfunction.
The last topic will be presented by Nami SUZUKI(Ito Hospital, Japan), under the title “Potassium Iodide (KI) Therapy in Graves' Disease”, focusing on the clinical effects of long-term iodine therapy for autoimmune thyroid disease.
This session will provide recent updates from various perspectives, from how environmental and nutritional factors affect thyroid function and disease development, to application to interventional treatment.

Organizer: Seung-Hwan LEE (The Catholic University of Korea, Korea)
Thiazolidinediones are one of the most potent anti-diabetic agents and is characterized by its insulin-sensitizing property and excellent durability. Although thiazolidinediones have many strengths, it is devaluated due to the concerns about cardiovascular risk and potential side effects such as edema, weight gain and heart failure. In this session, two experts will discuss and re-examine the role of thiazolidinediones in managing diabetes. Prof. Ralph A. DEFRONZO will provide rationale for combining thiazolidinediones and SGLT2 inhibitors based on the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Prof. Sung-Rae KIM will present the role of thiazolidinediones in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes and provide data on the long-term efficacy and safety of Lobeglitazone. We expect that this session will broaden our view on thiazolidinediones and diabetes care.

Organizer: Jiyoung PARK (Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Korea)
Obesity and diabetes are diseases that occur in response to metabolic stress caused by excess calories, and adipocytes are known as important mediators in this process. The research on the mechanism whether obesity acts as the cause of various metabolic diseases is being actively conducted in various fields. In particular, the pathogenesis of hypoxia-fibrosis-inflammation is suggested as a major target for adipose tissue remodeling by metabolic stress. In this session, Prof. Qiong Annabel WANG of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Los Angeles, USA, will have time to discuss the mechanisms of metabolic diseases associated with aging under the topic of 'Aging-related white adipose tissue remodeling'. Dr. Mengle SHAO of Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai will share the latest research results on the relationship between hypoxia-induced pre-adipocyte dysfunction and adipocyte remodeling. Finally, Prof. Jiyoung PARK from UNIST, Korea will give a lecture on the latest research on the regulation of adipose tissue function by extracellular matrix proteins.

Organizer: Jung Hee KIM (Seoul National University, Korea)
A significant proportion of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas are cured by transsphenoidal surgery. However, some functioning pituitary adenomas need further medical treatment, and currently available drugs still have limitations in terms of efficacy and side effects. First, Prof. Toru TATENO from Canada will introduce other novel treatment options as well as L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) inhibitors for GH-producing pituitary tumors. As a second speaker, Prof. Zhaoyun ZHANG from China will present the new role of rosiglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, in reducing GH and IGF-I by upregulating 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in both pituitary tumors and liver. Lastly, Hidenori FUKUOKA will give a talk on novel therapeutic targets for aggressive Cushing's Disease, such as immune checkpoint, receptors for a tyrosine kinase, intracellular signal transduction pathway proteins, and nuclear proteins.

Organizer: Won Gu KIM (University of Ulsan, Korea)
In this symposium, we invited three prominent speakers to introduce the latest translational research on thyroid cancer. The first speaker Prof. Iñigo Landa is a scientist of medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. He studies basic and translational aspects of thyroid cancer genetics and biology focusing on the biological mechanisms of specific genomic alterations in thyroid cancer evolution and disease progression. He will present the biological and clinical implications of genomic alterations in thyroid cancers. The second speaker is Prof. Hyun Ae JUNG, a medical oncologist at Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University. She will introduce new therapeutic agents for the treatment of thyroid cancer patients and present the latest knowledge on new targeted therapies based on the results of next-generation sequencing. The last speaker is Prof. Jong-In PARK, a professor of biochemistry at the Medical College of Wisconsin. His research interests are reprogramming in signaling and metabolism in oncogenic transformation. In this lecture, he will introduce the importance of cancer metabolism in thyroid cancer and a recent study of targeting mitochondria for the treatment of thyroid cancer. This symposium will be an informative time to understand the direction of the recent research on thyroid cancer.

Organizer: Ki Woo KIM (Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea)
Numerous studies have demonstrated a critical role for dysregulated energy homeostasis in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this session, we invited three leading speakers in the field of Alzheimer’s disease and metabolic regulation to understand how metabolic dysregulation can impact on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases particularly stressing on the Alzheimer’s disease. Prof. Vincent PREVOT from Inserm, France, will talk about a role of hypothalamic tanycytic shuttle which might potentially affect the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Next, prof. Inhee MOOK-JUNG from SNU will lecture about metabolic changes in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Lastly, Jae-Hong LEE from Asan Medical Center will provide current understanding on molecular and clinical connection on Alzhemer’s disease and metabolic disorder.

Organizer: Kyu Yeon HUR (Sungkyunkwan University, Korea), Hyon Seung YI (Chungnam National University, Korea)
Clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes is defined as a barrier to initiate or intensify treatment for glycemic control or reduction of cardiovascular risks. In this session, Prof. Nam Hoon KIM will present the prevalence, causes, and consequences of therapeutic inertia of injection therapy for intensification of glycemic control in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Prof. Boon How CHEW will introduce a study on therapeutic inertia in management of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia among adults with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia. Lastly, Prof. Jongha BAEK will share the experience on clinical inertia to the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.